Perceived (lack of) value (valence)

Valence in expectancy theory (Vroom,1964) is the value given to the expected outcome of the actions. Expectancy theory states that the expected instrumentality of a certain action (instrumentality) to achieve a certain outcome (expectancy) to receive a certain reward (valence) explains the motivation of people to perform a certain task.  The level of motivation is achieved by multiplying the three elements. Hence, if there is no valence then there is no motivation.